Tramadol is a popular arthritis pain reliever
Tramadol is used for severe chronic pain: postoperative, trauma as Analgesic, in cancer patients, as well as before surgery. Used for analgesia during painful diagnostic or therapeutic interventions. Tramadol has antitussive effect.
Tramadol belongs to a group of agonists-antagonists. Tramadol is effective for oral and parenteral administration. When administered intravenously has analgesic effect in 5-10 minutes when administered by mouth - after 30-40 minutes.
Tramadol is metabolized by demethylation and conjugation of up to 11 metabolites, only one of which (O-demetiltramadol) has a pronounced pharmacological activity (2-4 times greater activity than tramadol).
Has a strong analgeziruyuschey activity, gives rapid and sustained effect. Activates opioid receptors (mu, delta, kappa) for pre-and postsynaptic membranes of nociceptive afferent fibers of the brain and gastrointestinal tract.
Selectively inhibits the reverse Tramadol neuronal uptake of serotonin, inhibits the neuronal uptake of noradrenaline back.
Tramadol is valid for 6 hours. The peak plasma concentration after oral administration of 100 mg of tramadol is 260-410 ng / ml and achieved according to different authors, in the range of 30-60 min, 1.6-2 or 3-4 h.
After 12 h the concentration decreased to 50 - 80 ng / ml and after 24 hours of 10-15 ng / ml. When repeated receptions of tramadol tramadol observed accumulation of the metabolites and in plasma.
Peak concentrations in plasma of tramadol in the case of receiving 100 mg 4 times a day is about 500 mg / l, while the occasional admission of 100 mg tramadol peak concentration of 250 micrograms / liter.
When receiving tramadol possible convulsions. Spasms stoped tranquilizers. Prolonged use of developing tolerance and drug addiction.